The World s Urban Population - 1581 Words

1 Introduction background From 2011 to 2050 it is expected that the world urban population is rise from 7.4 billion to 9 billon. Much of this will be in the cities of developing and less developing countries (World Urbanization Prospects the 2011 Revision, 2012). Therefore maximum of the development will happen in Asia and Africa. Population will be living in urban areas by 2020 and 2035 respectively. It is forecast that the world’s urban population will grow by 1.4 billion during the period of 2011 and 2030. China will be Share 276 million and India be 218 million in this increment. India will account for slightly over 15.5% of increase the world urban population (World Urbanization Prospects the 2011 Revision, 2012). Urban population is growing and that are going to be face problem like congestion and pollution. India contribute 6% of world Road accidents and 10% of world road death rate. More than the 1.41 lakh people die in road accidents and more than 1 million deadly road accident take place every year. They are mostly of pedestrians or cyclist. For them there is hardly devoted space on road (Jain, 2014). Indian cities are urbanizing and population is increasing 280 million in 2001 and 590 million by 2030 probably. Motor vehicle population in India has increase by 100 times from 1951 to 2004, while the road network as expended only 8 times. This has caused huge strain on the urban transport infrastructure, which is already of overcapacity coupled with problems ofShow MoreRelatedDiscuss the Changing Urban Dynamics of One City Selected from the Developed World.1354 Words   |  6 Pagesestablished city of the developed world. As in any developed city, there are a myriad of urban dynamics of change at work that have, and will continue to evolve the morphology of the Australian metropolis. The Greater Sydney Metropolitan Region (GSMR) is one of the largest metropolitan areas in the world. Its wide-ranging spatial articulation extends from Wollongong in the south to beyond Newcastle in the North and to the Blue Mountains in the West. Sydney is an important world city and is aptly locatedRead MoreThe Perceived Nature Of Contemporary Urban Life Essay1029 Words   |  5 PagesThe Perceived Nature of Contemporary Urban Life Many writers are wondering whether the increased scale and proportion of the cities are exceeding human capabil- ities to live under conditions of security and mutual sup- port and concern. Some feel the sheer scale of urban life is forcing individual identity to yield to anonymity, indifference, and narrow self-interest. Commentaries on the growing fear, powerlessness, and anger of urban resi- dents are numerous. Yet, even against the backdrop ofRead MoreUrbanization Of Urban Population Growth Essay1508 Words   |  7 Pageswitnessing a greater migration of the world’s population into urban dwellers. This movement of people into major towns and cities of the world is caused by rapid sprawl and it is observed in developed and developing countries. The increasing population observed is inevitable; therefore the solution to urban problems depends essentially on effective planning, infrastructural management and development. Usually, unplanned population growth is associated wit h population demands that supersede infrastructureRead MoreA Brief Note On Urban And Rural Terms1251 Words   |  6 PagesUrban and Rural Terms Guatemala is a country that has had rapid growth economically in the world. Guatemala is becoming the most popular country in the sector of industry and tourism of Central American, its population has continued to increase. The growth of the population invariably leads to urbanization, which refers to the development of urban areas and the migration of people from rural to urban centers. On the other hand, this has the reciprocal effect of the expansion of these centers muchRead MoreEffects Of Urbanization On The Environment1171 Words   |  5 Pagesas one of the main thrusts behind many issues because the developing populace requests assets increasingly for its application. There are many factor and theories for explaining the forces behind population change. In pre-present day social orders, birth rates were high by the norms of industrialized world today. Nonetheless, populace development very was little until the eighteenth century because there was an unpleasant general harmony amongst births and passings. The general pattern of the numbersRead MorePopulation Growth And Urban Road Emissions1738 Words   |  7 PagesPOPULATION GROWTH AND URBAN ROAD EMISSIONS Toh Xinyi Cindi1 1Undergraduate Student, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, 817 Sherbrooke St. W., xinyi.toh@mail.mcgill.ca Abstract This paper describes how world population growth is the most challenging factor in affecting urban road emissions. As world population grows, urban population has increased leading to greater demands for private motor vehicles due to issues like urban sprawl and the aspirations for owningRead MoreImmigration Benefits And Promotes Urbanization1642 Words   |  7 PagesImmigration benefits and promotes urbanization in New York and Vancouver from 1860 to 1920. The period from the late 19th century to the early 20th century is important in the urban development history of Canadian and American. Urbanization is a historical process that contains urban development. Urbanization is a process of population concentration as well as a process that advanced production modes substitute backward modes. At the same time, it is also the process to adapt to the mode of production andRead MoreLocal Water Management1148 Words   |  5 PagesPeace in Central and South Asia. Boulder, CO: Lynner Rienner Publishers, pp.136-163. Janakarajan, S (2002) Conflicts over the Invisible Resources: Is there a Way Out? In Moench, M., Caspari, E and Ajay, D (eds) Rethinking the Mosaic: Investigations into Local Water Management. Published by NWCF and ISET (USA), 1999 Kabir, M, D., Rahman, A., Salway, S, and Pryer, J (2000) â€Å"Sickness among the Urban Poor; A Barrier to Livelihood Security’’ Journal of International Development.12 (5): 707-72 KazaaraRead MoreUnited Nations Human Settlements Programme900 Words   |  4 Pagesworld’s population is situated in urban environments (United Nations 2004, Fuller 2007). Staggeringly, by 2030, the urban population is projected to reach 4.9 billion, while the rural population is expected to decrease in size by 28 million (UNFPA 2007). It is argued that the sustained growth in urban areas has been propelled by the increase in size and prevalence of urban squatter settlements. The United Nations Human Settlements Programme (2003a) reports that 78% of the urban population in the lowestRead MoreChinese Economic Development And Structure Problem986 Words   |  4 Pages Chinese economic development and structure problem Key question: China s economy, (China s economic have increased of Efficiency Analysis .) China s economic high speed growth can be remained? PESTEL China s economic have increased of Efficiency Analysis . After Chine revolution , Chinese economic have increase very fast , take GDP for a example,after economic revolution , about annual growth rate have keep or more than double-digit , this is very crazy. However ,according to the explain

Criminology Theories - 1286 Words

Criminology Theories Dealing with Characters from Boyz N the Hood Jamar Tyms Westwood College Criminology Ms. Peete Abstract This Paper will discuss what theories can explain the deviant behavior of the characters in the movie Boyz N the Hood. What Starts Criminal Behavior? History shows that through life violence is a cycle within itself. Criminology shows different views on how and why criminal behavior happens. By watching the movie â€Å"Boyz in The Hood† we see the crimes take place and show why these events happened. Based off the information from class and from past theories I formulate my own theories of why crime happens. The movie Boyz in the Hood is based off†¦show more content†¦That’s hurts Doughboy and it seems like he is into the streets because that’s the only thing that is giving him the attention that he wants and needs. Doughboy feeds on the attention that he gets from the streets of L.A. It helps him think he is wanted by people that love him. In his mind it’s a lost relationship with his mother because even if he tries to do stay out of jail, try and do right by her she still wouldn’t care or even notice that he is trying to build a mother-son bond between them. So it gets to the point where he seeks and gets revenge on the guys who killed his brother Ricky. And he doesn’t care if their guys come back in retaliation to kill him. There was a quote he said in the movie saying â€Å"either they don’t know, don’t show, or don’t care about what’s going on in the hood.† He has a good point because the people th at do care is either scared to say anything or has never lived in the ghetto before so they can only go by what other people say that’s happening in the streets. Most people get killed over what is known as the â€Å"Code of The Street.† In the movie it shows that their code of the street was revenge. They killed Ricky Doughboy and his friends killed them. It also shows that violence and crime happens all over something petty. In one scene in the movie they show Ferris walking into RickyShow MoreRelatedDisorganization Theory Of Criminology And Criminology Essay1789 Words   |  8 PagesDisorganization theory of criminology Name Institution Disorganization theory of criminology Borski, J., and Harold. (1995). Social disorganization theory: influence of society and environment to crime: New York: Lexington. The two researchers use data from the Lexington library to determine how the environment people live in can influence their behaviors. It means that the social organization theory focuses on the effect of society towards crime. When a society or the people in it do not holdRead MoreThe Theories And Theories Of Criminology1772 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Criminology has emerged as a science in the recent years, and various theories and perspectives have been developed by the social scientists and criminologists in this regard. With the development of sociology as a new subject of study and defining the sociology by the August Comte in 1822, the way was paved for the development of criminology, as the new branch of study. This Branch deals with the study of crime and it gradually developed as academic discipline in Britain in 1950s. CesareRead MoreA Common Theory Of Criminology Essay1398 Words   |  6 Pages A common theory in criminology and in sociology suggests that class and race are vital roles regional crime rates. Previous research indicates that the distribution of class and race within certain residential areas has a key role in the outcome of certain violent acts. In his study, Income Inequality, Race, and Place: Does the Distribution of Race and Class within Neighborhoods Affect Crime Rates, John R. Hipp states â€Å"Specifically, studies have tested how the distribution of economic resourcesRead MoreThe Various Theories of Criminology 1276 Words   |  5 PagesCriminology is defined as an interdisciplinary profession built around the scientific study of crime and criminal behavior including their forms, causes, legal aspects, and control. There are many aspects in the field of criminology. These aspects include the areas of research involved, the criminology schools of thought, theoretical developments and the people involved in creating and developing the theories. What role do criminologists play in the field of criminology? The term criminologistRead MoreClassical Theory in Criminology1753 Words   |  8 PagesClassical School Classical theory in criminology has its roots in the theories of the 18th century Italian nobleman and economist, Cesare Beccaria and the English philosopher, Jeremy Bentham (Hollin, 2004, 2). It was based on principles of utilitarian philosophy. Cesare Beccaria, author of On Crimes and Punishments (1763–64), Jeremy Bentham, inventor of the panopticon, and other classical school philosophers based their arguments as follows, (1) People have free will to choose how to act (2) DeterrenceRead MoreTheory Of Peacemaking Criminology1732 Words   |  7 Pageswhich emerged within the criminology discipline in the late 20th century. As this segment progress, the readers will become acquainted with the historical background of peacemaking, proponents of the theory, and explanations as to what is peacemaking, expanding on restorative justice, a form of peacemaking criminology and finally conclude this section with critiques and discussion on peacemaking criminology as discussed during the class presentation. Peacemaking criminology grew out of the conflictRead MoreStrain Theory Of Criminology1299 Words   |  6 PagesDifferentiate Criminology Forums Prostitution Since time immemorial, society has demonised prostitution as deviant and immoral act that ought not to be condoned. For that matter, laws have been created to put the offenders to trial if found indulging in this act. Prostitution is just like any other crime because, society have reservation to it based on the effects it has on the society moral dignity and values. Similarly, laws exist that prohibit its practice and this justifies the argument of itRead MoreCriminology And The Social Theory Essay1726 Words   |  7 Pagesbeing multidisciplinary, in which many fields and outlooks are used. This mean the study of criminology is micro in nature because behaviour can be analysed in depth form different angles of approach. According to Sellin, criminology can include the realms of politics (such as left and right realist approaches to criminal behaviour and prevention strategies), psychology (such as biological and social theories for the onset of criminal activity), law (such as drug laws and government strategies to overcomeRead MoreClassical Theory of Criminology Essay1523 Words   |  7 PagesCriminology is the study of why individuals engage or commit crimes and the reasons as to why they behave in certain ways in different situations (Hagan, 2010). Through understanding the reasons or why an individual commits a crime, one can come up with ways to prevent and control crime or rehabilitate criminals. There exist a large number of criminology theories, some link crime to an individual or person; they believe a person weighs the cons and pros and makes a conscious decision on whether toRead MoreThe Research Theories Of Biosocial Criminology1177 Words   |  5 Pagescriminological theories thought to identify and explain the behaviors of criminals. The factors that distinguish each theory are as unique as they are the same. Each individual theory takes on a different side of the same factors but the current criminological theories don’t carry much meri t due to the lack of criminality predictability, crime explanation, and to the inconsistencies within the theories themselves. Unlike other areas of scientific research, criminology is continually adding new theories without

Risk Management Process Section Of Management - 2300 Words

Prepare the Scope and Objectives of the Risk Management Process section of the Risk Management Plan based on the facts presented in the case study Risk management process is an important aspect of the organization. There are various threats that may impede the organization’s success. For example, the scenario in the case study may make the company lose a number of loyal customers; hence, reduction in sales revenue. The scope and objectives of the risk management process should be in line with the overall risk management plan. They are important elements in providing the guidelines for the management in the implementation of the risk management plan. The main objective of the risk management process is to develop a method to monitoring, evaluating, and managing the risks in the entire project life. Risks are usually uncertain, and may have a positive or negative impact on the project objectives (Govori, 2012). With respect to the case study, theft of customer data is a risk. It is uncertain, and gets the organization in a time that it has not fully completed its risk management plan. The objective of the risk management p rocess, in this case, is to establish an approach to monitoring the customer use of credit cards, identifying the authenticity of the transactions, and managing the use of the credit cards to avoid any fraudulent activities. Next, the risk management process would identify the potential risk sources; evaluate the individual risks and effect on cost,Show MoreRelatedWhat Is Iso 9001? Iso 9001 Is An International Standard1207 Words   |  5 PagesISO 9001 is an international standard that focus on the requirements for a quality management system. Companies in different countries use this system as it proves the capability to consistently provide products and services that meet customer and requirements that they want. The first signs of ISO (International Organization for Standardization) 9001 was back in 1987, this was the birth time when the quality management standard system (ISO 9001) began after ISO 9000 was seen to be â€Å"†¦as too formal,Read MoreThe Association For Project Management1141 Words   |  5 PagesThe Association for Project Management (APM) published the first edition of the APM body of knowledge (APM Bok) in 1992. The reason for publishing APM Bok was because, PMBOK ® does no t elaborate upon knowledge of interpersonal skills and interaction with the stakeholders. In 2012, APM Body of Knowledge 6th edition was published, and unlike the old version, the 6th edition is based on analysis of the functions rather than on a project life cycle. APM Body of Knowledge 6th edition provides the standardRead MoreSwot Analysis : Chopped Nuts Essay1524 Words   |  7 PagesChopped Nuts produces ground nuts that comply with customer specifications and are safe for human consumption, it shall comply with New Zealand regulatory requirements by implementing a Quality Management System (QMS) in accordance with ISO 9001 guidelines outlined in the 2008 4th Edition ISO 9001 Quality Management System Requirements (ISO, 2008). Likewise, Chopped nuts is recommended to design and evaluate its processes using the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) framework to ensureRead MoreThe Convention Center Is The Host Of The Independent Party1363 Words   |  6 Pageswide range of events such as speeches, nomination process, seminars, the stating of the party platform, and parades. While all these activities have a certain amount of risk involved, parades and the demonstrations that occur during a political convention provide a greater amount of risk. As a result, the following risk management plan will address the risk associated with parades and demonstrations, and offer a solution that will reduce the risks associated with these events. â€Å"A parade is a publicRead MoreSwot Analysis : Chopped Nuts Essay1439 Words   |  6 Pageswill provide ground nuts for Wonderful. To ensure that the company produces ground nuts that comply with customer specifications and are safe for human consumption, it shall comply with New Zealand regulatory requirements by implementing a Quality Management System (QMS) in accordance with ISO 9001 guidelines. Likewise, Chopped nuts is recommended to design and evaluate its processes using the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) framework to ensure the highest levels of food safety. Read MoreQuestions On Risk Assessment Process Essay944 Words   |  4 PagesRisk Assessment Process Every firm faces risks, both internal and external, that must be dealt with. In order to assess risk, the auditor must understand what roll the area that’s being audited plays in the business. The purpose of risk assessment is to identify and evaluate the risks relevant to that area of the business and to determine how to manage these risks. The auditor then identifies the internal controls that regulate those risks – these are the internal controls the auditor should focusRead MoreAn Report About Ghd Services Inc.1658 Words   |  7 Pagesadequate description of the FS process. General comments are provided in Section 2, Specific comments are provided in Section 3, and State comments are provided in Section 4. 2.0 GENERAL REVIEW COMMENTS 1. As previously note in EPA’s approval of the Tier 2 Remedial Investigation (RI) report, lacking of site specific creel study information, EPA and LDEQ believe the use of default inputs and/or values directed in previous agency comments are appropriate for conducting a risk assessment under the SuperfundRead MoreCrisis Management of Potential Site Risks in Quebec1776 Words   |  7 PagesCrisis Management Potential site risk in Quebec Earthquake According to the Kovacs (2010) each year, around 4000 earthquakes are recorded in Canada. These earthquakes are mostly small but some earthquakes are large. A huge earthquake will strike some day everywhere in Canada. There is 5 to 15 percent probability that earthquake will strike in Southern Quebec including Montreal and Quebec City in the following fifty years. The western Quebec seismic zone includes Montreal. Even though the risk is lowerRead MoreCase Study : Services Inc.1615 Words   |  7 Pagesadequate description of the FS process. General comments are provided in Section 2, Specific comments are provided in Section 3, and State comments are provided in Section 4. 2.0 GENERAL REVIEW COMMENTS 1. As previously note in EPA’s approval for the Tier 2 Remedial Investigation (RI) report, lacking of site specific creel study information, EPA and LDEQ believe the use of default inputs and/or values directed in previous agency comments are appropriate for conducting a risk assessment under the SuperfundRead MoreIntroduction Of A Supply Chain Management1564 Words   |  7 Pagesa set of organizations that work together to take in raw materials, convert the raw materials into higher value products, and sell the products to the end customer (Kelly 2005). The management of these flows to generate profit is known as supply chain management (Sodhi and Tang 2012). Supply chain risk management (SCRM) is defined, very broadly, as the identification, analysis and evaluation of events that can have a negative effect on supply chain performance. SCRM also includes the implementation

Essay about Religion Evolution - 2362 Words

In my short life on this planet I have come to question things that many take upon blind faith. We all know that we must some day die; yet we continuously deny the forces at work inside ourselves, which want to search out the answers of what may or may not come after. It is far easier for humanity to accept that they will go to a safe haven and be rewarded for their lives with pleasures and fantasies of an unfathomable scale than to question the existence of a supposed omnipotent being. Yet, there are a few of us humans who tend to question the whys and wherefores that society puts forth to us. We question the existence of God, or the creation of mankind rather than blindly accepting faith-filled beliefs we may received from our parents†¦show more content†¦You will note that there are several different definitions to each word. I felt it was important to include the added definitive statement to theory because it shows the difference between a scientific theory and an quot; everydayquot; theory based upon conjecture. The additional definitions to law and hypothesis are both added for a further understanding of these words.The definition of creationism is somewhat more complex. One must start by saying that the belief in the creation of the universe given at the beginning of the Bible is literally true. Creationism is a belief based solely upon faith (which is a belief in and of itself). There are no scientific facts as a basis for this belief, solely conjectural theories and speculations. It is ingrained into our minds, as children that a belief of a force, or supernatural entity, which is all powerful and all knowing, is watching over us and taking care of our needs. Yet, to me, saying this very sort of thing is heretical in its very essence. To be so crude as to think that some being which created the universe itself and all things in it would take the time to care for each and every individual is incomprehensible. In practically all ancient cultures, the biblical included, the universe was thought of as an original chaosShow MoreRelatedEvolution Vs Religion Vs Evolution921 Words   |  4 PagesDespite what people may think, evolution versus religion has been around for a long time. It is a well known debate topic in hundreds of countries. While being around in numerous centuries, and having an important role in many people’s lives, the controversy rages on. With the argument of evolution versus religion, some people may believe religion is the right answer, however evolution gives a whole new answer to the question due to the unrealistic nature of an omnipotent figure, supporting factorsRead MoreEvolution Of Science And Religion2915 Words   |  12 PagesEvolution is one of the major concepts in biology that ha d aroused a struggle between science and religion. There are two different viewpoints that have appeared from this conflict, one from scientists and one from the creationists. The scientists view evolution as a long-term process during which living organisms have developed over time. The teaching method that they see fit to this concept is through material in biology textbooks. These textbooks contain information on how certain species, organismsRead MoreThe Evolution of Religion1318 Words   |  6 Pagescreate a smoke-and-mirrors effect. In many ways this story is similar to the creation and interpretation of religion by individuals within society. In the following pages I will discuss this metaphor, as well as Rudolf Otto and his theories on the creation of religion, Peter L. Berger’s theory of â€Å"the sacred canopy,† and finally the intermingling of these two theories in the evolution of religion. RUDOLF OTTO AND RELIGIOUS EXPERIENCE In The Idea of the Holy, Rudolf Otto begins by explaining theRead MoreEssay on The Evolution of Religion880 Words   |  4 PagesThe Evolution of Religion Near the end of his novel, Darwins Dangerous Idea, Daniel Dennett questions religion and contends that it was an evolutionary process to keep humans entertained. He says they [religions] have kept Homo Sapiens civilized enough, for long enough, for us to have learned how to reflect more systematically and accurately on our position of the universe(519). Dennetts position is a controversial one, and it is difficult to argue because it is such an abstract subjectRead MoreEvolution And Religion : The Disconnection2016 Words   |  9 PagesEvolution and Religion: The Disconnection For years, theologians and scientists have debacled as to which theories could be categorized as correct as opposed to incorrect theologies. On a larger scale, these individuals debate the question of the universe’s origin, as well as the origin of life itself. Some of the most contemplated questions theologians face are those that include thoughts regarding the creation of all living things. Whether or not all things that currently inhabit the world areRead MoreThe Evolution of Religion Essay967 Words   |  4 PagesThe Evolution of Religion As long as humans have walked the Earth, we have sought out answers. Answers for questions like: Why are we here? Where do we go when we die? Where did we come from? and Whats that? How different people answered these questions is important to study because it shows us the spiritual side of human nature. Especially now, a time of conflict between Islam and Western Civilization, it is important to look back and trace the evolution of religion. To see whereRead More Evolution: Science and Religion Essay2032 Words   |  9 Pages Evolution: Science and Religion In 1895 Charles Darwin published a book describing his theory of evolution, and his theory of the natural selection process. This theory caused much uproar in the religious community because Darwin’s theory went against the story of creation portrayed in the Holy Bible. His theory claimed that all life currently in place had evolved and adapted from a single organism in the beginning. Over time and by process of natural selection only the dominant species were leftRead MoreEvolution Of Science And Religion1179 Words   |  5 PagesWhen comparing science and religion there has been a great rift. As long as humanity has believed in a creator there as always been thinkers trying to quantify and evaluate the truth behind religion, trying to disprove or prove a supernatural force. The ancient Greeks were pioneering philosophers which started the great rift we see in the early development of scientific and quantified analysis. This was first started by Aristotle whuch believed that science was a process of trying to understandRead MoreThe evolution of apes was a possibility in the 19th century. Although religion had been cherished600 Words   |  3 PagesThe evolution of apes was a possibility in the 19th century. Although religion had been cherished for centuries, the doubts in people’s mines began to express many uncertainties about the bible and started to question their own beliefs. The issue of evolution was a huge concern in the 19th century as it was destroying the view of god and how he made the world; this caused many people to either change their views on life or their religion which had a huge part in resolving people’s beliefs in theirRead MoreEvolution of Abrahamic Religions 1022 Words   |  5 PagesEvolution of Abrahamic Religion s â€Å"Neither shall thy name any more be called Abram, but thy name shall be Abraham; for a father of many nations have I made thee.† Genesis 17:5. This is a direct excerpt from the king james Bible where God is renaming Abram to Abraham. Abraham became the father of many nations and to day three of the most popular religions that span many people groups and ethnicities can trace the roots of their beliefs back to Abraham. Three main religions sprouted from Abrahamic

The Philosophy Of Plato s Philosophy - 1340 Words

Ethics? Philosophy? What do these two words mean? Living life the right way? Always doing what parents instruct? Some people walk through the motions of life and never fully understand what living is really about—it is more than paying bills, earning an education, and having a family. By definition, philosophy is: â€Å"a search for a general understanding of values and reality by chiefly speculative rather than observational means†.1 Humankind has studied philosophy for many years trying to figure out the complex meaning of life, an example being Plato one of the greatest Greek philosophers. Philosophy can be very complicated, but life is a beautiful thing (Thesis statement). One: His Life Plato was a Greek philosopher who viewed life on†¦show more content†¦Socrates did this to show them the difference between truth and what they felt to be true; he would help them see the truth despite their ideas possibly being incorrect 9 (Ethics for life, 13). Most of the time people would not be able to stand firm on their beliefs 10(Britannica). This brought hatred toward Socrates. Eventually they tried Socrates, found him guilty of impiety and demeaning the youth, and executed him in 399 BCE. The reason why the Greeks thought Socrates was corrupting the youth is because he said the gods of Greece were unreliable and lacking 11(Ancient). Plato was emotionally affected by the life and death of Socrates. Socrates work influence Plato so much, he surrounded himself with members of Socrates and became a member himself. Plato’s work was generally stated as â€Å"Socratic†, because of how similar his work was to Socrates 12(Britannica). Number two, was the Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta. Plato served in the Athen’s military for a short time between 409 and 404 B.C. The Spartans won the war, so the Greeks Democracy changed to Spartan Oligarchy (Biography). As time went on, Oligarchy ended and Democracy was restored. Plato was about to take a chance on making a career as a politician, but after Socrates execution in 399 B.C., he turned his life to study philosophy (Biography). Following Socrates death, Plato journeyed for twelve years to Greece, studying mathematics withShow MoreRelatedPlato s Philosophy And Philosophy1826 Words   |  8 Pages Plato was an ancient Greek philosopher, pupil of Socrates, mentor of Aristotle and founder of the Academy, most famous for his philosophical works that played a major role in laying the foundations of Western philosophy. Plato’s work is a source of inestimable value since Socrates did not leave any material record behind but some of his ideas were put down by his mentee, Plato. However, Plato added a handful of his own philosophy and it is a difficult challenge for historians to ascertain who theRead MorePlato s Philosophy And Philosophy1070 Words   |  5 PagesPlato, a Greek philosopher, was born around 423 to 428 BC, and died around 347 or 348 BC, at the age of eighty. He was a great philosopher, taught by Socrates. His dialogues have been used to teach many subjects, consisting of logic, ethics, rhetoric, religion, and mathematics, as well as philosophy. Plato was born between 429 and 423 BC, in either Athens or Aegina. At some point during his childhood, his father died, but the date is unknown. He was named Aristocles after his grandfather, but hisRead MorePlato And Aristotle s Philosophy1372 Words   |  6 Pagesmakes up the coffee or tea they are drinking and what are forms. This is where Plato and Aristotle stand out above the crowd in their ways of thinking because unlike the guy who just goes on with his day drinking his coffee or tea without a thought, these two guys want to know where things originate and what forms are. Form comes from the Greek word eidos which translates as idea, archetype or essence. Although Plato and Aristotle both have ideas about form, they differ completely from each otherRead MoreAristotle And Plato s Philosophy1688 Words   |  7 Pages) Professor Armstrong CC 5 October 2015 Aristotle and Plato are famous for their many works in the philosophical field. Specifically, the Republic by Plato and Nicomachean Ethics by Aristotle seem to be their most popular works. In these works they discuss things that are needed to achieve the â€Å"good life† both on an individual level and on a societal level. There is some variance between what the two philosophers think can create the â€Å"good life.† They explore the concepts of eudaimonia, virtueRead MorePlato And Aristotle s Philosophy983 Words   |  4 PagesGreek philosophers such as, Plato and Aristotle, searched to answer one fundamental question, â€Å"How should a person live in order to achieve eudaimonia or happiness?† How each philosopher came about to reach this happiness is very different however. Plato looked to a world beyond the world one might experience today and Aristotle took a more observational approach to the things that can be experienced and observed. Plato was an influential philosopher in his time. He believed that the highest socialRead MorePlato s Teachings Of Philosophy1487 Words   |  6 Pages Plato was a well known philosopher who lived during the time of the distinguished Greek philosophers. He was born into a wealthy and very noble family in the Athens. In the midst of preparation for his life long career as a politician, the young Plato witnessed the trial and eventual execution of Socrates. Little did he or anyone know this would ultimately lead him to completely abandon his political career and become one of the world’s most distinguished philosophers. Although Plato’s teachingsRead MorePlato And Aristotle s Philosophy1088 Words   |  5 Pagesone understands the person represented by the statue, the story of history begins to unfold. Two of the most important thinkers in world history were Plato and Aristotle. Aristotle studied under Plato and learned many lessons from his teacher. An area one can easily see the similarity between Plato and Aristotle is their beliefs on responsibility. Plato lays the groundwork for Aristotle to develop his own th eory. The two are not identical, however, Plato’s work made a lasting impression on Aristotle’sRead MoreThe Philosophy Of Plato s Republic973 Words   |  4 PagesWhy Be Moral Plato is one of histories most prominent philosophers who studied under the philosopher, Socrates. He is well known for his book, Republic, which presents different philosophical concepts including the concept of justice and how it is always in the individual’s best interest to be just. In this book we meet Thrasymachus, a Sophist, who has an opposing view on the value of justice. Plato’s notion of justice conflicts with that of Thrasymachus and possible consequences of morality areRead MorePlato And His Influences On Plato s Philosophy1370 Words   |  6 PagesPlato and His Influences’ Plato and His Influences’ Plato was a philosopher of ancient Greek in Athens, Greece who was born in 427bce and die in 347, both of his parents are from Greek aristocracy. He is the founder of the Academy, the first institution in the Western world and best known for his works of unparalleled influence. Plato is considered to have laid the foundation of Western philosophy and science. He was a teacher of Aristotle, his mostRead MorePlato And Aristotle s Views On Plato s Philosophy914 Words   |  4 Pages-INTRO: Plato and Aristotle are two of the most influential Greek philosophers of history. It would be just to say that Plato’s philosophical views were greatly influenced by his mentor, Socrates. Over time, Aristotle found solemn in Plato’s teachings and became his pupil. The philosophical theories that were originally conceived by Socrates passed from Plato, to Aristotle. In a perfect world, it would be nice to entertain the belief that Aristotle’s beliefs resembled his mentor, Plato’s and Plato’s

One World Essay free essay sample

Water, is essential to all forms of life. Water plays a huge part in our lives whether you realize it or not. It ties in with many different factors, some being political, social, environmental and ethical. Singapore has her own water issue as well. Science plays a major role in today’s world this also includes issue of water and the benefits and limitation science can provide for Singapore in her water issue. Water is extremely vital for our survival. According to (Water Partners International. We will write a custom essay sample on One World Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 2008), only about 0. 07% of all water on earth is ready to be consumed by a human and that without water, a human can only live for three days, approximately 2. 6 billion people on Earth lacks access to a safe supply of dirking water which leads to the fact that water-related diseases are one of the leading causes of disease and death in the world. According to (Water Partners International. 2008), every 15 seconds, a child dies from a water-related disease. This shows us the extreme importance of water in our lives and without it we will perish, so we should not be taking what we have for granted. Singapore is a young and small country who gained her independence from Malaysia in 1965. Singapore had to rely on Malaysia for water since then till today due to her size and the amount of people living in Singapore. Singapore has advanced from being a third world country to a first world country in the past century however she still lacks the ability to produce enough drinking water for the population which according to the (CIA. 2008) is 4,608,167 people. Thus till today, Singapore still acquires water from Malaysia. According to (Lee, Poh Onn. 003), Singapore depends on Malaysia for nearly 40% of her water supply. This turns into a political issue when Malaysia threatens to cut off Singapore’s water supply from time to time. However according to (Lee, Poh Onn. 2003), â€Å"the Malaysian authorities have made repeated assurances that Malaysia intends to observe the 1961 and 1962 water agreements made with Singapore up to 2011 and 2061 respectively. † These agreement made between the two countries allow Singapore to acquire up to 1. 55 million m3 of water per day (Lee, Poh Onn. 2003). Unfortunately, it does not end here. In January 2002, the Malaysia government noted that they would like to secure a fairer price for raw water from Singapore (Lee, Poh Onn. 2003). Thus in result to the new demands of pricing, Singapore started to resorts into finding new ways to acquire water. In April 2002, they came up with the NEWater and desalination ideas which seemed as an alternative which would lessen Singapore’s present reliance on Malaysia (Lee, Poh Onn. 2003). However this play would only be in full motion in the year 2011. So as for the time being, the political tension for water continues. So the Singaporean government realized that depending on other countries for water put them in a very vulnerable position and if by any chance Malaysia suddenly decided to cut off our supply of water, what would become of the nation? This led to the creation of NEWater, to serve the purpose of the being the fourth national tap to fulfill the growing water consumption of Singapore (RGS. 2007). Science can help solve this water issue as technology today is advance enough to be able to convert sea water into drinking water, through desalination and by that producing clean drinking water. The production for clean drinking water goes though a number of processes. Below is the process of which seawater is turned into drinking water: What we can benefit from science is that we are able to treat our water to reuse and recycle it again and again. We are also able to convert sea water into drinking water if needed. However, the limitations are that the process is very costly and it might upset the balance of density and temperature in the sea which might lead to other issues such as global warming. Another limitation links in with a social issue which is if the people would comply to drink the water which has been processed. This diagram below shows Singapores current plan of maintaining a sufficient amount of water for the population: (Singapore Public Utilities Board (PUB). 2008) The idea of NEWater is very appealing and ideal. However there is a social issue it has to deal with. Singaporeans are very â€Å"kiasu (picky)† of what they consume. So the idea of drinking water which was once from their own toilet bowls doesn’t really matter to them weather it has been purified or not. This leaves the government in a very tight position. After much debating and convincing, â€Å"82% of Singaporeans are prepared to drink NEWater, while 16% of the people are prepared to drink NEWater if it is mixed with reservoir water and the remaining minority of 2% of Singaporeans still cannot accept NEWater into their daily lives. Therefore, the government is planning to progressively increase the amount of NEWater injected into our reservoirs so as to allow people to get used to drinking NEWater and accepting it into their daily lives. (RGS. 2007). Apart from local issues, water plays a very important part to the environment. Without water, everything would be dry as sand. Without water we wouldn’t be able to breathe as plants require water to photosynthesize. Without water there would be an almost instantaneous change in global temperature. However, even if somehow we lost all the water in the world and still could miraculously survive, we would lose a huge beauty in ou r world. Water not only brings us life, it gives us an environment to live in. Without water we lose: the wind, clouds, oceans, waterfalls, rainbows, snow, ice, diving, coral reefs, diving, swimming, surfing, ice cream, even centuries of tradition like the Winter Olympic Games. Anything that is required of water we lose. That is why we must preserve our oceans and water even if science allows us to somehow live without water. Water also plays a major part in ethical issues such as religions. In many religions, water is used to cleanse the soul. Or purify a being. For example, when being baptized in Christianity, holy water is sprinkled over a person (Farlex Inc. 003). Due to the all the facts given and discussed, I believe that it is safe to conclude that water is not only one of the main essence of life to us and all living things but also a beauty of which should never be taken away.

Impact of Gst free essay sample

FMCG sector with a market size of $13. 1 billion is the fourth largest sector in the economy. A well established distribution network, intense competition between the organised and unorganised segments characterises the sector and makes it a unique sector. Even at the time of recession, growth in FMCG sector has not slowed down which makes it an important contributor for tax revenue. In fact, among the MNCs, their Indian arms have contributed more to parent entities than foreign counterparts because of the large market size and domestic consumption. This is one of the reasons why the government has never provided much direct incentives or benefits to this sector. From a tax perspective, FMCG sector has been constantly contributing at the highest rate to the government kitty, more so from the perspective of indirect tax on account of its nature of taxation which is levied on consumption rather than income. In India, indirect tax has a multiple tax structure — taxes at central level such as excise, service tax and customs, and taxes at state level such as VAT and entry tax. Further, there are local levies like octroi. On account of various taxes, the total tax impact on FMCGs is almost 20-30% which is among the highest in the world. From time to time, the government has provided certain benefits in the form of location incentive which has been utilised by the FMCG sector. For example, excise benefit granted in the state of Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand has made most of the FMCG companies to locate their manufacturing facility in the hilly states. These benefits were limited to companies that had set up their operations prior to March 31, 2010, due to which the companies were not able to expand their operations since the benefit would have not accrued to them. However, by a recent circular, the ambiguity has been cleared. Now, even expansion would be eligible for the benefit though the same would be restricted to the initial period of 10 years. This has brought a new lifeline to the FMCG sector, which would help them to expand their capacity. In addition to these multiple taxes, the real complexity for the sector is the variance in tax rates. Excise duty rate varies from 4% to 10%, and VAT rate varies from 4% to 15%. Further, what is more worrying is that there is no consistency of VAT rate for a same product in all the states. For example, health drink is taxable at 5% in Maharashtra, while the same product is taxable at 12. 625% in Kerala. Though VAT was expected to have a unified tax rate system across the country, the same could not stand up to its expectation. Even after almost six years of the introduction of VAT, instead of moving forward from an ill-fated sales tax regime to a coherent VAT regime, we seem to be going backwards. The states have forgotten the basic principle of having standard tax rate across the nation. Most of the states have changed the agreed VAT rate of 4%/12. 5% by either enhancing the VAT rate or toting up taxes in addition to VAT. Gujarat was the first state to increase the rate, followed by Andhra Pradesh, Haryana, New Delhi, Maharashtra and others. Also, there are various classification disputes which have not been settled under the VAT period. For example, whether ghee, which is used by both consumer and industries, can be classified under industrial input schedule? Also, whether entry for drugs and medicines would cover even medicated goods. Some states include the same while in other states the dispute continues. There are many such instances for which there is no answer. In such a scenario, tax authorities continue to levy tax on a whim and the industry has no alternative but to litigate with a hope that at some level good sense shall prevail. In addition to VAT and excise duty, there is Central sales tax. To trounce the CST impact, businesses have located themselves in each state, though the same was also done to get closer to customers. Presence of FMCG sector in almost all states has created other challenges in obtaining entry permit/way bill, which hampers free movement of goods. It is still difficult to answer why a country needs to have so many barriers for movement of goods. It can be understood that states want to have some checks to control tax leakages but that should not be at the cost of business. The real reason for having check post and permits has vanished and is being misused by tax authorities. Today, in states like Uttar Pradesh, authorities are holding business at ransom for way bills. Such controls have only created hassles for the industry. It’s time we learn from global economies the way to provide freedom to businesses. For example, the European Union still does not have such complex procedures and barriers for movement of goods from one member country to another. However, a silver lining is the advent of GST. GST promises to be the most significant initiative of independent India. GST would result in a major rationalisation and simplification of the consumption tax structure at both the Centre and state level by replacing all central and state level indirect taxes such as VAT, excise duty and service tax. GST is the most ambitious indirect tax reform in India ever attempted and aims to create one â€Å"borderless† domestic market. It will tax â€Å"consumption† against â€Å"production†, which is the current norm. GST would have immense impact on the industry, especially the FMCG sector. GST would be a tax on transaction, which would be neutral to factors of production, business processes, business models, organisational structures, product substitutes and geographical locations. Business can function and take decision based on commercial perspective rather than tax impact. Business would have to start challenging the existing business structure and start planning whether the same needs to be continued in GST scenario, for example whether depots are required in all states, since CST would not be in existence. It is a fact that the government has to take various steps on IT and administrative set up so that GST is implemented. There is continuous discussion on GST model, rate structure and other attributes but there are no clear answers. It is critical that industry starts identifying various areas such as classification, rates, treatment of present incentives, faith in check post to represent before the empowered committee and the government so that there is a smooth transition to GST and there is no adverse impact. We hope that in the coming Budget, the government gives a clear direction on the implementation of GST so that air of ambiguity gets clear. Companies investing Rs 100 crore or more in plant and machinery during the period FY14 and FY15 will be entitled to deduct an investment allowance of 15% of the investment. Increase surcharge from 5% to 10% on domestic companies whose taxable income exceed Rs 10 crore. In case of foreign companies who pay a higher rate of corporate tax, surcharge to increase from 2% to 5%, if the taxable income exceeds Rs 10 crore. Current surcharge increased from 5% to 10% on dividend distribution tax or tax on distributed income. Concessional rate of tax of 15% on dividend received by an Indian company from its foreign subsidiary proposed to continue for one more year. Removal of cascading effect of DDT in a multi-tier structure where dividend received by a domestic company from its subsidiary (which is also a domestic company) is distributed to its shareholders. Work on draft GST Constitutional amendment bill and GST law expected to be taken forward. sum  of Rs 9,000 crore is set apart in the budget towards the first installment of the balance of CST compensation No change in the normal rates of 12% for excise duty and service tax. No change in the peak rate of basic customs duty of 10% for non-agricultural products. Education cess to continue at 3% No revise either the slabs or the rates of Personal Income Tax. However, relief for Tax Payers in the first bracket of Rs 2 lakh to Rs 5 lakh. A tax credit of Rs 2000 to every person with total income upto Rs 5 lakh. Surcharge of 10% percent on persons (other than companies) whose taxable income exceed Rs 1 crore to augment revenues. Allocation of Rs 80194 crore in 2013-14 for Ministry of Rural Development marking an increase of 46%. The tax rate in case of non-resident taxpayer, in respect of income by way of royalty and fees for technical services as provided under section 115A, is proposed to be increased from 10% to 25%. This amendment will take effect from 1st April, 2014 and will, accordingly, apply in relation to the assessment year 2014-15 and subsequent assessment years. Custom Duty on specified machinery for manufacture of leather and leather goods including footwear reduced from 7. 5% to 5%. Excise duty on cigarettes is being increased by about 18% on all cigarettes except cigarettes of length not exceeding 65 mm. Cigars and cigarillos duty is also being similarly raised. Basic customs duty on hazel nuts is being reduced from 30% to 10%. Basic customs duty on dehulled oat grain is being reduced from 30% to 15%. Export duty of 10% on de-oiled rice bran oil cake is being withdrawn Industry Expectations No hike in excise duty hike on FMCG products The rate of central excise duty on the 65 mm filter cigarette slab be reduced from the existing level of Rs 689 per thousand cigarettes to Rs 200 per thousand cigarettes. The rates of central excise duty for the other slabs of filter cigarette be reduced, or, at the very least, no further increases in duty for these slabs. A hike in Gold import duty Existing exemptions being granted to Food Processing Industry (either in the form of Nil rate of duty / 2% rate of duty) should be continued and no new levy introduced in the forthcoming Union Budget on Food Processing industry Expects to provide some relief by reducing excise duty on Packaging materials used in the food industry Printed Laminates, Pet Jars, Corrugated Cartons from 12% to 6%. Increase in allocation of resources towards NREGA and Bharat Nirman Concrete announcement regarding roll-out of GST Rural focus of the budget and direct tax relief for the middle class Budget Impact Budget imposed excise duty on cigarettes is being increased by about 18% on all cigarettes. Last year there was 21% excise duty hike in cigarette. ITC is expected to pass on this entire 18% hike to consumer. The MNC company’s subsidiaries which pay royalty and fees for technical services to their parents companies outside India will have to 25% tax on it. A 46% rise in allocation for Ministry of Rural Development augment well for FMCG companies, as rural region contributes around 25% to 50% of total revenue to FMCG companies. Stock to watch ITC, Marico, Nestle [ Get Quote ], GSK [ Get Quote ] Consumer, Colgate Palmolive, HUL Outlook The budget was negative for the FMCG sector. There was no major announcement for the sector. There was no rise in income tax slab this time which was very essential looking at less discretionary income in hand of consumer and fall in volume of FMCG companies. However, rise in allocation for Ministry of Rural Development augment well for FMCG companies. The budget is a negative development for the cigarette industry particularly for ITC considering that after last year’s 21% excise duty, this year also there was 18% rise. ITC is left with no choice except to pass on the hike to consumer. Volume are expected to see dip initially, before recovering. Challenges With the growth drivers in place, there are many issues and challenges the sector grapples with. The key challenges faced by FMCG sector players in. India are as follows: Tax Structure Complicated tax structure, high indirect tax, lack of uniformity, high octroi entry 1. tax and changing tax policies. Infrastructural Bottlenecks Agriculture infrastructure, power cost, transportation infrastructure and 2. cost of infrastructure. 89 India China Thailand Ta iwan US 188 210 1301 2766 0 1000 2000 3000 Exhibit IX 18 : Labour cost (US$ per month ) Labour cost (US$ per month) 18. CEIC, Morgan Stanley Research and Investment commission of India, 2008 10 Counterfeits and Pass-offs 3. Emergence of Private Labels 4. Regulatory Constraints Price of Inputs 6. Tax Structure 1. Complicated Tax Structure i. In India, problems are exacerbated by the complicated tax structure. There is a VAT which is to be levied at state level, there are other state taxes such as octroi and entry taxes and then centre levies excise duties and service tax. As a result, no product cost is exactly the same from one state to the next. High Indirect Tax ii. Indirect Tax levels are quite high, especially in light of the fact that the sector provides goods meant for daily consumption. China, for instance, levies a tax of 10% 19.